What are corticosteroids?
Types of Corticosteroids
- Oral corticosteroids: They are swallowed and are used to treat mainly severe to moderate inflammation. Examples of which include prednisone, dexamethasone, and methylprednisolone.
- Inhaled corticosteroids: They are utilized in Corticosteroids for asthma and are given directly to the lung to inhibit airway inflammation. Examples of which include budesonide and fluticasone.
- Topical corticosteroids: Corticosteroids for skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, or dermatitis. Hydrocortisone and betamethasone are the most commonly used corticosteroid cream.
- Injectable corticosteroids: Injected into muscle and joint to suppress disease inflammation such as arthritis or backache.
- Nasal and ocular corticosteroids: To suppress allergic rhinitis or eye inflammation, e.g., fluticasone nasal spray or prednisolone eye drops.
General Uses of Corticosteroids
- Corticosteroids for dermatoses Such as eczema, contact dermatitis, psoriasis, and allergic rashes.
- Corticosteroids to manage asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Ease airway inflammation and facilitate breathing.
- Autoimmune disorders Employed in corticosteroids applied in autoimmune disorders such as lupus, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis to suppress the hyperactivity of the immune response.
- Allergic disorders Such as very severe allergic disorders such as anaphylaxis or angioedema.
- Gastrointestinal disorders Such as Crohn's disease, or ulcerative colitis when applied to suppress bowel inflammation.
- Endocrine disorder Such as Addison's disease, where the body is unable to produce enough natural cortisol.
Safe Dosage & Best Practice of Corticosteroids
- Follow just what your doctor advises: Don't vary the dose by yourself. Even when the symptoms resolve, reducing corticosteroids temporarily may lead to adrenal insufficiency.
- Use the minimal dose needed: This reduces your risk of Long-term effects of corticosteroids. Physicians also start with a higher dose and reduce it slowly as the disease gets better.
- Short term is best: Corticosteroids are merely to be used for a few weeks to several months of recent illness.
- Follow-up is needed with long-term: Chronic disease needs follow-up visits to check blood pressure, bone mineralization, and blood sugar.
- Take corticosteroids with food: Decreases stomach upset and ulcers.
Side Effects of Corticosteroids
- Weight increase and water retention: More often a result of increased appetite and water and salt retention.
- Irritability or mood swings: Corticosteroids influence mental state, and in a few instances, induce irritable mood or mood swings.
- Elevating blood sugar and blood pressure, especially with long-term use, and inducing diabetes or high blood pressure.
- Bruising and thinning skin: More with long-term corticosteroid ointment.
- Risk of infection: Increased since corticosteroids suppress the immune system.
- Bone loss and osteoporosis: Risk with long-term oral corticosteroids.
Tips for Cutting Corticosteroid Side Effects
- Take drugs precisely as ordered: Never alter your Corticosteroids dosage ourself or stop cold.
- Eat healthy Proper nutrition: A diet rich in calcium, potassium, and low sodium intake to combat weight gain, bone loss, and water retention.
- Exercise: Daily exercise to maintain strong bones, prevent weight gain, and sound mental health.
- Maintain your health: Regular check-ups to track blood pressure, blood sugar, and bone density.
- Use topical preparations carefully: Use only as much as you require and only for a short time on sensitive surfaces like your face or groin.
- Take supplements: Your doctor might recommend that you take calcium and vitamin D so that you can potentially be able to keep your bone cover.
Conclusion